Journal: eLife

Article Title: CO 2 -evoked release of PGE2 modulates sighs and inspiration as demonstrated in brainstem organotypic culture

doi: 10.7554/eLife.14170

Figure Lengend Snippet: Respiratory activity was recorded in vivo in a two-chamber plethysmograph ( a ). Sighs, defined by an increase in inspiratory volume and respiratory cycle period with a biphasic inspiration ( b ), increase in frequency after intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of PGE 2 . This effect is absent in mice lacking EP3R ( Ptger3 -/- , c , arrows, d ). I.c.v. injection of PGE 2 also increases the tidal volume (V T ) in wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) mice ( e ). The sigh frequency is increased by hypercapnic (5% CO 2 in normoxia) conditions in wild-type and Ptger3 -/- mice but less so in Ptger3 -/- mice ( f ). In wild-type mice, the increase is abolished after i.c.v. injection of PGE 2 ( f ). Hypercapnic exposure causes an increase in respiratory frequency (F R ), tidal volume (V T ), and minute ventilation (V E ) ( g ), but the increase is attenuated in Ptger3 -/- mice. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p<0.05 Source data are available in a separate source data file. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14170.004 10.7554/eLife.14170.005 Figure 1—source data 1. In vivo plethysmography data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14170.005

Article Snippet: From in vivo plethysmograph recording (LabChart Pro, v 8.0.10, AD Instruments, Dunedin, New Zealand), periods of calm respiration without movement artifacts were selected for analysis based upon visual observations during experimentation as in previous studies ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, In Vivo, Injection

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience Research

Article Title: Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats

doi: 10.1002/jnr.25393

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design. After the creation of status epilepticus model and applying ketamine, propofol, and drug combinations, video‐EEG recording was performed.

Article Snippet: Data on spike frequency (Hz) and amplitude (mV) from EEG recordings were converted to numerical values using EEG recording software (LabChart v8.1, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience Research

Article Title: Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats

doi: 10.1002/jnr.25393

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spike frequencies related to status epilepticus during the 140‐min EEG recording period after the application of ketamine, propofol, and antiepileptic drug combinations. Spike frequencies before the application of treatments are also shown at the top. All animals in the status epilepticus group died shortly after seizure induction and, therefore, were not included in the figure. The graphs show the median (min‐max and Q1–Q3) spike frequency values for 1 min of activity, obtained at 20‐min intervals ( p values are shown compared to 20 mg/kg propofol group, statistics determined with Kruskal–Wallis (KW) followed by Mann–Whitney U test).

Article Snippet: Data on spike frequency (Hz) and amplitude (mV) from EEG recordings were converted to numerical values using EEG recording software (LabChart v8.1, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia).

Techniques: Activity Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience Research

Article Title: Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats

doi: 10.1002/jnr.25393

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spike amplitudes related to status epilepticus during the 140‐min EEG recording period after the application of ketamine, propofol, and antiepileptic drug combinations. Spike amplitudes before the application of treatments are also shown at the top. All animals in the status epilepticus group died shortly after seizure induction and, therefore, were not included in the figure. The graphs show the median (min‐max and Q1–Q3) spike amplitude values for 1 min of activity, obtained at 20‐min intervals ( p values are shown compared to 20 mg/kg propofol group, statistics determined with Kruskal–Wallis (KW) followed by Mann–Whitney U test).

Article Snippet: Data on spike frequency (Hz) and amplitude (mV) from EEG recordings were converted to numerical values using EEG recording software (LabChart v8.1, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia).

Techniques: Activity Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience Research

Article Title: Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats

doi: 10.1002/jnr.25393

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ketamine, propofol, and antiepileptic drug combinations on seizure parameters. Seizure onset latency shows the median (min‐max and Q1–Q3) values for the time until the onset of seizure activity after 320 mg/kg pilocarpine injection. The latency of drug efficacy represents the time until the onset of the first statistically significant decrease in spike frequency, according to the 20 mg/kg propofol group. Mortality latency shows the median (min‐max and Q1–Q3) values of the animal death time from pilocarpine injection to the end of the EEG recording. Mortality rate shows the percentage of animal deaths due to status epilepticus in the experimental groups ( p values are shown compared to the status epilepticus group, statistics determined with Kruskal–Wallis (KW) followed by Mann–Whitney U test).

Article Snippet: Data on spike frequency (Hz) and amplitude (mV) from EEG recordings were converted to numerical values using EEG recording software (LabChart v8.1, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection, MANN-WHITNEY